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Exploring the Maliki Madhab: A School Grounded in the Legacy of Medina

The Maliki Madhab is one of the four major Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), distinguished by its strong connection to the early Muslim community of Medina. Founded by Imam Malik ibn Anas (711–795 CE), the school emphasizes the practical traditions of the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ city as a key source of legal authority.

Imam Malik and His Legacy

Imam Malik, born and raised in Medina, was deeply immersed in the teachings of the Prophet’s companions and their immediate successors. His renowned work, Al-Muwatta, is among the earliest compilations of Hadith and legal rulings, combining prophetic narrations with the established practices of the Medinan community. This close link to the living tradition of Medina shaped the Maliki school’s distinctive focus on authentic continuity and communal practice.

Key Characteristics of the Maliki School

  1. Practice of the People of Medina (‘Amal Ahl al-Madina):
    The Maliki madhab gives significant authority to the customary practices of early Medinans, viewing them as a practical and reliable reflection of the Prophet’s way of life.

  2. Sources of Islamic Law:
    In addition to the Qur’an and authentic Hadith, the Maliki school accepts:

    • Ijma‘ (consensus)

    • Qiyas (analogical reasoning)

    • Maslahah Mursalah (public interest)

    • ‘Urf (custom and cultural norms)
      These tools provide a holistic and context-aware approach to legal judgment

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