The question of whether Islam spread through warfare or compassion has long been a subject of debate and misconception. However, a careful examination of Islamic history, the life of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, and the behavior of his companions reveals a consistent reality: Islam primarily expanded through mercy, justice, exemplary character, and peaceful outreach. While there were instances of military engagement, these were largely defensive and aimed at protecting religious freedom.
[1] Islam’s Core Message: Peace and Compassion
The word "Islam" is rooted in the Arabic letters S-L-M, which relate to peace, submission, and safety. Fundamentally, Islam is about submitting to the will of Allah and living a life defined by justice, kindness, and moral integrity. The Qur’an describes the mission of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in the following verse:
“And We have not sent you, [O Muhammad], except as a mercy to the worlds.”
(Surah Al-Anbiya 21:107)
This verse underscores that the Prophet ﷺ was sent not as a conqueror, but as a source of compassion for all of humanity.
[2] The Early Message: Spread Through Ethics and Patience
In Islam’s formative years, the Prophet ﷺ and his followers were subjected to harsh persecution in Makkah. Despite this, the message of Islam was conveyed solely through peaceful means—including personal conduct, honest dialogue, and patient perseverance. No military action took place during this early period.
After migrating to Madinah, the Prophet ﷺ continued to spread Islam using wisdom and exemplary character. Many individuals accepted Islam, not under duress, but because they were moved by the Prophet’s integrity, humility, mercy, and unwavering commitment to justice.
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